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Body composition is an essential parameter in clinical medicine, sports science, and health management. While numerous methods exist for evaluating body composition, their accuracy varies due to inherent assumptions and methodological limitations. This paper provides a technical overview of the four-compartment (4C) model, which integrates multiple reference techniques and is regarded as the most accurate method currently available. Its strengths, limitations, and relevance for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) algorithm development are discussed.